Fluid compressor



June 12, 1934. g, u s 9 Re. 19,210

FLUID COMPRESSOR Original Filed Sept. 4. 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 C. M.TURSKY FLUID COMPRESSOR June 12, 1934.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Sept. 4. 1931 //Vl E/Y7 0/E G-IAELES M75284);

June 12, 1934.

c.' M. TURSKY FLUID COMPRESSOR 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed Sept. 4.1931 FIG 11.

Reissued June 12, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Original No.1,880,595, dated October 4, 1932,

Serial No. 561,193, September 4, 1931. Applicationi'or reissue April 17,1933,8erial No. 666.567

relates to apparatus of the type lonnhrgthe subject matter of LettersPatent of the United States granted to me and respectively Nos.1,371,824 dated March 15, 1921; 1,478,- 929 dated December 25, 1928; and1,533,958 dated April 14, 1925; wherein a pair of axially al'med rigidlyconnected pistons are adapted to be reciprocated by a crank membercarried between said pistons and fitted to reciprocate transverse- 19lyto the axis of said pistons and having at its outer end a ball fittedin a socket in an eccentric mounted to rotate on an axis at right anglesto the axis of said pistons.

My present improvement relates particularly 15 tomeans for automaticallycontrolling the intake and exhaust of fluid from cylinders in which saidpistons are mounted to reciprocate, and including valves formed of thinplane sheet metal, each valve preferably including a plurality ofstampings which are precisely alike; the valves for the intake andexhaust being precisely alike but disposed in reversed relation withreference to a valve seat plate containing the inlet and outlet ports. 5My invent'on includes the various novel features of construction andarrangement hereinafter more definitely specified.

In said drawings, Fig. I is an end elevation of a fluid compressorembodying my invention.

Fig. I! is a plan sectional view of said compressor taken on the line11, II, in Fig. I.

Fig. III is a plan view of the base plate shown in Fig. I.

Fig. IV is an, elevation of said valve seat plate. Fig. V is anelevation of one of the plane stamped sheet metal valve disks which, asshown in Fig. H, are clamped upon opposite sides of said valve seatplate.

Fig. V1 is an elevation of one of the similar separable cylinders shownin section in Fig. 11.

In said figures; the compressor casing comprises two separable sections1 and 2, the base section 1 having the pedestal flanges 3 with fourholes 4 for bolts 6 by which it may be rigidly connected with anysuitable support, preferably the base plate '7. The section 2 isdetachably rigidly connected with the section 1 by the four bolts 8.Said casing section 2 supports the crank shaft 9 which is rigidlyconnected with the crank head 10. Said shaft and head are journaled insaid section 2 independently of said casing section 1. As shown in Fig.11, said shaft 9 and head 10 are provided with respective thrustbearings comprising the respective serles of rollers 11 and 12. Saidbearings are held in properly axially spaced relation by the spacingring 14 between them, said ring being held in said section 2 by the setscrew 15 indicated in Fig. 11.

Said casng section 1 carries axially alined and spaced cylinders 1'1 andlflwhich are precisely 30 alike but disposed in opposite relation withrespect to the fluid inlet ports 19 and fluid outlet ports 20.

The pair of pistons 22 and 23, which are respectively mounted toreciprocate in said cylin- 55 ders 1'7 and 18, are rigidly connected inspaced relation by the rod 24 which has the crank pin bearing 25transverse to the common axis of said pistons. Said bearing 25 isprovided with the bearing bushing 26 in which the crank pin 27 is 78mounted to reciprocate. Said pin 2'1 has the ball end 28 fitted in theball socket 29 in the crank head, as shown in Fig. II. The ball socketplate 30 is complementary to said socket 29 and is detachably secured insaid head 10, conveniently '33 by three screws Shin a circumferentialseries.

The crank chamber 33 within said casing section 1 is convenientlyutilized as a receptacle for a body of lubricating oil in the lower partthereof. The loose ring 34 which encircles-said shaft 9 and 86 saidcrank head 10 dips into that oil and lifts it as the shaft turns tolubricate the latterand the bearings associated therewith. The interiorof said chamber 33 is accessible upon removal of the door plate 35 whichis, however, normally secured in the closed position shown in Fig. 11,by a circular series of screws 36.

The valve seat plates 38 which are respectively located at the outerends of said cylinders 1'7 and 18 are precisely alike and held in rigidrelation with said casing section 1 by the cyiinder heads '39 and thefour bolts 40 extending through each into threaded engagement with saidcasing section 1. Each of said valve seat plates has two fluid inletports 42 and 43 and two fluid outlet ports 45 and 46. Said inlet ports42 register with the ports 19 which extend through the annular flangeson said cylinders 1'7 and 18 and are in comimmication with the ports 43in said valve seat plates byway of the recesses 47 in said cylinderheads 39. Said fluid outlet ports 46 register with the outlet ports 20which extend through said annular flanges on said cylinders and are incommunication with the ports 45 through the recesses 49 in said heads.

Said fluid inlet ports 43'are controlled by valves 50 each convenientlycomposed of three extremely thin stamped sheet metal disks mounted uponthe respective inner faces of said valve seat plates 38 and clamped attheir perlmeters between said 110 plates and the adjacent annularflanges on the cylinders 17 and 18. The outlet ports are controlled byvalves 51 each conveniently composed of three extremely thin stampedsheet metal disks mounted upon the respective outer faces of said valveseat plates 38. and clamped at their perimeters between said plates andthe respectively local cylinder heads 39. A

Referring to Fig. IV, each of said valve seat plates 38 is slightlyreduced in thickness, upon both sides, between its perimeter and theline 53 so that said valves and 51 bear only upon the areas within saidlines 53 which surround the ports 42, 43, 45, and 46. All of said valvedisks 50 and 51 are punched alike and, as shown in Fig. V, each includesa flexible flap 54, but said flaps of the valve disks 50 normally coverthe inlet ports 43 in the valve seat plates 38, whereas, said flaps 54of the valve disks 51 normally cover the outlet ports 45 in said valveseat plates 38. The construction and arrangement are such that saidvalve flaps 54 on the valves 50 are flexed inwardh' to open the ports 43as the pistons 22 and. 23 move inwardly toward the axis of the crankshaft 9, and return to plane positiomof their own resilience, closingsaid ports, when said pistons move away from the axis of said shaft 9.The valves 51 act reversely with respect to said valves 50, i. e., theflexible flaps 54 on the valves 51 are flexed outwardly to open theports 45 as the pistons 22 and 23 move outwardly, away from the axis ofsaid shaft 9; and said flaps are returned to plane position, of theirown resilience, closing said ports 45 whenthe pistons 22 and 23 movetoward the axis of the crank shaft 9. Thus said inlet ports 43 and 45are alternately opened and closed by said valves; the valves 50 beingopen when the valves 51 are closed. at each valve seat plate 38; but asthe pistons 22 and 23 reciprocate together, the valve 50 is open at thecylinder 1'7 when the valve 50 is closed at the cylinder 18, and thevalve 51 is closed at the cylinder 1'1 when the valve 51 is open at thecylinder 18. The effect of that arrangement is to supply compressed airat substantially constant pressure through the outlet ports 20, one ofsaid ports being operative while the other is idle.

In order to suppress the whistling noise which would be incident to thedirect admission of air from the outer atmosphere to said inlet ports19; I prefer to mount the casing section 1 on the base plate 7, so thatsaid ports register with the tortuous passageway 56 between the ribs 57projecting from the wall 58 and the ribs 59 projecting from the wall 60in said base plate. as shown in which passageway is in communicationwith the outer atmosphere through the port 61. when thus mounted;. theoutlet ports 20 from said casing section 1 communicate with the manifoldchamber 63 between said wall 58 and the wall 64 in said base plate 7,from which the uniformly compressed air is discharged through the outletport 65 in said wall 64 by way of'the conduit 66 which. if the device isto be used for the inflation of automobile tires, may be provided with aflexible hose with the usual check valve on the end of it for detachablewith tire valve stems.

I find it convenient to drive the crank shaft 9 by direct connectionwith the armature shaft ofv an electric motor and, in order to preventdestructive accumulation of pressure in the chamber 63 if the outlettherefrom is provided with a check valve as above contemplated; I preferto provide said chamber 63 with the safety outlet valve 68 controllingthe safety outlet port 69 in said wall 64. Said valve may be manuallyadjusted to any desired maximum pressure, for instance, one hundred andflfty pounds per square inch, and is effective to permit the escape ofair from said chamber 63 if and when the pressure therein exceeds thatfor which said valve 68 is set.

The form of valves 50 and 51 above described is advantageous in thatthey are capable of operation, noiselessly, at a rate far in excess ofthat of which any reciprocatory valve is capable, and thus permit theuse of a compressor and electric motor to drive it, both much smallerthan is possible with any other type of valves to maintain any givenpressure of fluid.

Moreover, the construction and arrangement shown avoid the necessity forpipe connections between the cylinders and the compresed fluid outletmanifold which is common to them and which are required by theconstruction and arrangement characteristic of the compressors of theprior art above contemplated. My invention thus not only materiallylessens the cost of production of such compressors but avoids thepossibility of leaks from such pipe connections.

Inmy copending application Serial No. 538,478 filed May 19, 1931, forLetters Patent of the United States for improvement in fluidcompressors, I have shown a plane sheet metal valve which is a ringclamped at its perimeter and flexible throughout its inner circumferenceto open and close fluid inlet ports. My present invention isadvantageous as comparedwith that, in that my improved valves controlthe ports by flexure of small flaps local to the ports, and the cost ofproduction is by making the valves of such form that they may beinterchangeably utilized to control both the inlet and outlet ports.

Although as above described and with the valve seat plates 38 and theirassociatedvalve disks disposed as shown in Fig. II, rotation of theshaft 9 causes the device to take air from the outer atmosphere,compress it, and eject it through the conduit 66 under compression;.mere reversal of said valve seat plates 38 with their associated valvessuflices to change the device froma fluid compressor to a vacuum pump,without any other change in the construction or arrangement of theentire device. When thus changed, the apparatus would operate to intakefluid through the conduit 66, (connected with any container to beevacuated), and discharge to the atmosphere the fluid thus exhaustedfrom the container. 7

1 Therefore, I do not desire to limit myself to the precise details ofconstruction and, arrange- .ment herein set forth, as it. is obviousthat various modifications may be madetherein without departing from theessential features of my invention, as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A fluid compressor valve consisting of a plane, resilient metal platehaving a port therethrough remote from the edge thereof; said portdefining a flexible flap; said flap being flexible for permitting thepassage of fluid through said port, in one direction, and preventingthepassage of fluid through said port, in the opposite direction; saidplate having another porttherethrough remote from the edge thereof andfrom said first port for permitting fluid to freelypass through saidplate in the opposite direction, and uncontrolled. v

iii

2. In a fluid compressor valve structure; the combination with a valveseat plate having two fluid ports therethrough remote from its edge; attwo valves each including a plane resilient metal plate having a porttherethrough remote from the edge thereofi said port deflninga flexibleflap; said flap being flexible for permitting the passage of fluidthrough said port, in one direction, and preventing the passage of fluidthrough said port, in the opposite direction; each valve having anotherport therethrough for permitting p of fluid in a direction opposite tothe direction of flow of fluid past said flap; said valves being incontact with the opposite faces 01 said valve seat plate and with theirflaps respectively normally covering the respective ports through saidseat plate; whereby passage of fluid through said seat plate in onedirection is controlled by one of said valves and, in the oppositedirection, by the other 01 said valves.

8. A valve structure asin claim 1; and a valve seat plate having twofluid ports therethrough remote irom its edge respectively registeringwith the ports in said valve plate and including means for clampingtogether the perimeters oi said seat plate and valve plate.

4. In a fluid compressor valve structure; the combination with a valveseat plate having two fluid ports therethrough remote from its edge; oftwo valves each including a plane resilient metal plate having a porttherethrough remote from the edge thereof, defining a flexible flap;said flap being flexible for permitting the passage of fluid throughsaid port, in one direction, and preventing the passage of fluid throughsaid port, in the opposite direction; each of said valves having anotherport therethrough remote from the edge thereof and from said first portfor permitting fluid to freely pass through said plate in the oppositedirection, and uncontrolled; said valves being in contact withrespectively opposite faces of said valve seat plate and with theirflaps respectively normally covering and closing the respective portsthrough said seat plate; whereby passage of fluid through said seatplate in one direction is controlled by one of said valves and, in theopposite direction, by the other of said valves; and means for clampingsaid plate and valves together including a casing having separate fluidintake and outlet ports extending through it, respectively incommunication with said ports in said seat plate; whereby the passage offluid into and out of said casing is controlled by said valves.

5. A valve structure as in claim 4; and means in said casing foralternately subjecting the flaps of the respective valves to fluidpressure and thereby flexing said valves and releasing such pressure.

6. A valve structure as in claim 4; means in said casing for alternatelysubjecting the flaps of the respective valves to fluid pressure andthereby flexing said valves and releasing such pressure; and means forsuppressing noise of admission of air to said casing including a baseplate having a tortuous passageway registering with the fluid admissionport in said casing, and in communication with the atmos mere remotefrom that inlet port.

7. A valve structure as in claim 4; means in said casing for alternatelysubjecting the flaps of the respective valves to fluid pressureandthereby flexing said valves and releasing such pressure; and meansfor suppressing noise of admission of air to said casing including abase plate having a tortuous passageway registering with the fluidadmission port in said casing, and in communication with the atmosphereremote from that inlet port; said base plate having a manifold chamberin registry with the outlet port in said casing and provided with anoutlet.

8. In a fluid compressor valve structure; the combination with a valveseat plate having two fluid ports therethrough remote from its edge; oftwo valves each including a plane resilient metal plate having a porttherethrough remote from the edge thereof; said port defining a flexibleflap; said flap being flexible for permitting the passage of fluidthrough said port, in one direction, and preventing the passage of fluidthrough said port, in the opposite direction, each valve having anotherport therethrough for permitting passage of fluidin a direction oppositeto the direction of flow of fluid past said flap; said valves being incontact with the opposite faces of said valve seat plate and with theirflaps respectively normally covering the respective ports through saidseat plate; whereby passage of fluid through said seat plate in onedirection is controlled by one of said valves and; in the oppositedirection, by the other of said valves; and means for clamping togetherthe perimeters of said seat plate and valves, including a head coveringone of said valves in opposition to said seat plate, separating saidflap controlled ports and including respective recesses in communicationtherewith and provided with respective fluid inlets and outlets.

9. In a fluid compressor valve structure; the combination with a valveseat plate having two fluid ports therethrough remote from its edge; oftwo valves each including a plane resilient metal plate having a porttherethrough remote from the edge thereof; said port defining a flexibleflap; said flap being flexible for permitting the passage of fluidthrough said port, in one direction, and preventing the passage of fluidthrough said port, in the opposite direction, each valve having anotherport therethrough for permitting passage of fluid in a directionopposite to the direction of flow of fluid past said flap; said valvesbeing in contact with the opposite faces of said valve seat plate andwith their flaps respectively normally covering the respective portsthrough said seat plate; whereby passage of fluid through said seatplate in one direction is controlled by one of said valves and, in theopposite direction, by the other of said valves; means for clampingtogether the perimeters of said seat plate and valves, including a headcovering one of said valves in opposition to said seat plate, separatingsaid flap, controlled ports and including respective recesses incommunication therewith and provided with respective fluid inlets andoutlets; a casing having separate fluid intake and outlet portsextending through it, respectively in communication with said ports insaid seat plate; and screw means engaging said casing, extending throughsaid valves and seat plate and holding them in hermetically sealedrelation at their perimeters.

10. A fluid compressor valve seat plate which is a circular disk havingopposite plane faces; a, fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port; aninlet port at the margin of said plate adjacent said other inlet port;an outlet port at the margin of said plate adjacent said other outletport; two valves, respectively fitted upon opposite sides of said valveseat plate, and each including a plane resilient metal plate having aport therethrough remote from the edge thereof, defining a flexibleflap; said flap being flexible for con- 1,50

.trolling thepassage of fluid through one of said ports remote from theperimeter of said plate; each of said valves having at the marginthereof portsv therethrough for registering with the marginal ports insaid valve seat plate; and means for clamping said plate and valves incooperative relation, including a casing having separate fluid inlet andoutlet ports extending through it respectively in communication withsaid marginal ports in said seat plate and valves, and a head coveringone of said valves in opposition to said seat plate, separating saidflap controlled ports and including respective recesses in communicationtherewith and in registry with the marginal ports through said valvesand seat plate; and screw means extending through said head, valves, andseat plate, in engagement with said casing, clamping the margins thereof.togather in hermetically tight relation.

11. A fluid compressor valve consisting of a plane resilient metal platehaving a port therethrough remote from the edge thereof, said portdefining a flexible flap; said flap being flexible for permitting thepassage of fluid through said port, from one direction, and preventingthe passage of fluid through said port, in the opposite direction; and aport through said valve near the edge thereof adjacent said flap, forpermitting fluid to freely pass through said plate in the oppositedirection, and uncontrolled, and openjugs through the margin of saidplate for fastening means, in symmetrical relation with both of saidports; whereby said plate may be selectively fltted to said fasteningmeans with its controlled and uncontrolled ports in diflerent positions.

12. A fluid compressor valve consisting of a plane remlient metal platehaving a port therethrough remote from the edge thereof, said portdefining a flexible flap; said flap being flexible for permitting thepassage of fluid through said port, from one direction, and preventingthe passage of fluid through said port, in the opposite direction; and aport through said valve near the edge thereof adjacent said flap; saidvalve having another port therethrough remote from the edge thereof forpermitting the passage of fluid in a direction opposite to the directionof flow of fluid through said other port remote from the edge of saidvalve; .and another port near the edge of said valve, adjacent to thesecond port remote from the edge of said valve.

13. A fluid compressor valve, consisting of a plurality of planeresilient metal plates each having a port therethrough remote from theedge theerof, and defining a flexible flap; each of said plates having aplurality of holes for fastening means near the edge thereof, insymmetrical relation with the ports in each of said plates; andfastening means extending through said holes for maintaining all of saidplates with their flaps in registry with each other; whereby said platesmay be selectively fitted to said fasmeans with their ports in differentpositions with reference to said fastening means.

f '14. A convertible air compressor and vacuum pump including a cylinderhaving two air ports each adapted to be interchangeably constituted anair inlet or an air outlet; a removable valve plate at one end of saidcylinder, carrying two valves which are circular plates of resilientmetal of the same pattern, each having two air ports therethroughrespectively controlled and uncontrolled by f ps and disposed inreversed relation and interchangeable with respect to said ports in saidcylinder; and a piston for displacing the air in said cylinder.

15. An apparatus of the class described including cylinders each havingtwo air openings; a piston having heads respectively operating in saidcylinders and adapted to compress air or to operate as a vacuum pump,and a valve plate in each of said cylinders carrying two valves whichare circular plates of resilient metal of the same pattern, each havingtwo air ports therethrough respectively controlled and uncontrolled byflaps for alternately opening and closing said air openings by themovement of said piston; said valve plate being interchangeable inposition to cause the piston and cylinders to compress air or tofunction as a vacuum pump.

16. An apparatus of the class described, including oppositely disposedcylinders, each having two air openings each adapted to be optionallyconstituted an air inlet or an air outlet; a piston having headsoperating in both of said cylinders; and valve plates local to therespectlve cylinders, each provided with two valves which are circularplates of resilient metal of the same pattern, each having two air portstherethrough respectively controlled and uncontrolled by flaps anddisposed in reversed relation to each other; said plates beingchangeable to constitute said apparatus a fluid compressor or vacuumpump.

17. In a fluid translating device, the combination of a cylinder, acylinder head, a valve plate disposed between the cylinder and the headand having flat surfaces on opposite sides thereof, said valve platehaving inlet and outlet ports opening into thev respective flatsurfaces, and flat sheet valve members lying flat against said surfaceshaving portions retained in fixed position and flap portions movable toand from the ports in the valve plate to provide therewith inlet anddischarge valves. 1

18. In a fluid translating device, the combination of a cylinder, acylinder head, a valve plate disposed between the cylinder and the headand having flat surfaces on opposite sides thereof, said valve platehaving inlet and outlet ports opening into the respective flat surfaces,and flat sheet valve members lying flat against said surfaces havingportions retained in fixed position and flap portions movable to andfrom the ports in the valve plate to provide therewith inlet anddischarge valves, said valve members being interchangeable.

19. In a fluid translating device, the combination of a cylinder, acylinder head, a valve plate disposed between the cylinder and thecylinder head and having flat surfaces on opposite sides thereof, saidvalve plate having an inlet port opening into one of said surfaces andan outlet port opening into both of said surfaces, and flat sheet valvemembers lying flat against said respective flat surfaces, said valvemembers including portions retained in fixed relation against the flatsurfaces and movable flap portions cooperating with said inlet andoutlet ports to form inlet and discharge valves, the valve mem-' herhaving the flap portion cooperating with the inlet port also having anaperture registering with the outlet port.

20. In a fluid translating device, the combination of a cylinder, 9.cylinder head, a valveplate disposed between the cylinder and thecylinder head and having flat surfaces on opposite,

outlet port opening into both of said surfaces, and interchangeable flatsheet valve members lying flat against said respective fiat surfaces,said valve members including portions retained in fixed relation againstthe flat surfaces and movable flap portions cooperating with said inletand outlet ports to form inlet and discharge valves, each valve memberhaving an aperture therein, the aperture of the valve member cooperatingwith the inlet port being in registry with the outlet port.

21. In a fluid translating device, the combination of a cylinder, acylinder head, a valve plate disposed between the cylinder and the headand having flat surfaces on opposite sides thereof, said valve platehaving inlet and outlet ports opening into the respective flat surfaces,and flat sheet valve members lying flat against said surfaces and havingportions secured to the valve plate and flap portions movable to andfrom the ports in the valve plate to provide therewith inlet anddischarge valves.

22. In a fluid translating device, the combination of a cylinder, acylinder head, a valve plate disposed between the cylinder and the headand having flat surfaces on opposite sides thereof, said valve platehaving inlet and outlet ports opening into the respective flat surfaces,

and interchangeable fiat sheet valve members lying flat against saidsurfaces and having portions secured to the valve plate and flapportions movable to and from the ports in the valve plate to providetherewith inlet and discharge valves, each valve member having anaperture therein, the aperture of the valve member adjacent the interiorof the cylinder being in registry with the outlet port in the valveplate.

23. In a fluid translating device, the combination of a cylinder, acylinder head, a valve plate disposed between the cylinder and thecylinder head and having flat surfaces on opposite sides thereof and aperipheral surface, said valve plate having an inlet port opening intothe peripheral surface and into one of the flat surfaces and an outletport opening into both of the flat surfaces, and flat sheet valvemembers lying fiat against said respective flat surfaces, said valvemembers including portions retained in flxed relation against the flatsurfaces and movable flap portions communicating with said inlet andoutlet ports to form inlet and discharge valves, the valve member havingthe flap portion cooperating with the inlet port also having an apertureregistering with the discharge port.

CHARLES M. TURSKY.

